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SS ''Iowan'' was a cargo ship built in 1914 for the American-Hawaiian Steamship Company. During World War I she was taken over by the United States Navy and commissioned as USS ''Iowan'' (ID-3002). During World War II, the ship was transferred to the Soviet Union and renamed SS ''Tashkent'' (or ''Ташкент'' in Cyrillic). ''Iowan'' was built by the Maryland Steel Company as one of eight sister ships for the American-Hawaiian Steamship Company. In October 1914, five months after she was delivered to American-Hawaiian, ''Iowan'' rammed and sank the United Fruit Company steamer ''Metapan'' near the entrance to New York Harbor. After repairs, ''Iowan'' resumed inter-coastal service via the Panama Canal. When the canal was temporarily closed by landslides in late 1915, ''Iowan'' sailed via the Straits of Magellan until the canal reopened in mid 1916. During World War I, USS ''Iowan'' carried cargo, animals, and a limited number of passengers to France, and returned nearly 10,000 American troops after the Armistice. After her Navy service ended in 1919, she was returned to her original owners, who, at least once, chartered her to another shipping company. In May 1922, ''Iowan'' rammed and sank the Furness-Prince Line steamer ''Welsh Prince'' in the Columbia River near Astoria, Oregon, killing seven men in the process. In June 1941, ''Iowan'' ran aground on a reef near Point Conception, California, and suffered $500,000 in damages while buffeted by waves on the reef. She was freed from the reef after two weeks, towed to Los Angeles, and repaired. In 1942, the ship was requisitioned by the War Shipping Administration, which transferred her to the Soviet Union under the terms of Lend-Lease in December 1942. She was assigned to the Far East Shipping Company under her new name of SS ''Tashkent'', but sailed with the Soviet Pacific Fleet throughout the war. She delivered cargo and troops in support of the Soviet invasion of Japanese-held territories in August 1945. After the war, the ship remained a part of the Soviet merchant fleet until 1966. She was transferred to North Korea at that time to become a fish processing facility, and was scrapped in 1969. ==Design and construction== In May 1912, the American-Hawaiian Steamship Company placed an order with the Maryland Steel Company of Sparrows Point, Maryland, for two new cargo ships—''Iowan'' and .〔Maryland Steel had built three ships—, ''Georgian'', and ''Honolulan''—for American-Hawaiian in 1909 in what proved to be a satisfactory arrangement for both companies. In September 1911 and November 1912, American-Hawaiian placed an order for ''Iowan''s six older sister ships; , , , and in the earlier order, and in the latter.〕 The contract cost of the ships was set at the construction cost plus an 8% profit for Maryland Steel, but with a maximum cost of $640,000 per ship. The construction was financed by Maryland Steel with a credit plan that called for a 5% down payment in cash with nine monthly installments for the balance. Provisions of the deal allowed that some of the nine installments could be converted into longer-term notes or mortgages. The final cost of ''Iowan'', including financing costs, was $71.95 per deadweight ton, which came out to just over $732,000.〔 ''Iowan'' (Maryland Steel yard no. 132)〔 was the first ship built under the contract. She was launched on 24 January 1914,〔 and delivered to American-Hawaiian on 16 May.〔 The ship was ,〔 and was in length (between perpendiculars) and abeam.〔 She had a deadweight tonnage of ,〔 and her cargo holds, which had a storage capacity of ,〔 were outfitted with a complete refrigeration plant so that she could carry perishable products from the West Coast—like fresh produce from Southern California farms—to the East Coast. ''Iowan'' had a single steam engine powered by oil-fired boilers that drove a single screw propeller at a speed of .〔〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「SS Iowan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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